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Barley is one of the most important crops in the world. In this study, the hypothesis was that there were no differences between two groups of barley varieties with different but defined malting qualities, which was tested using RNA sequencing during selected stages of malting. In total, 919 differentially transcribed genes between the two barley groups were identified and annotated and after optimization and validation, five molecular markers were developed for use in barley breeding.

In this article, we describe a new species from the C. mandelburgeri species complex that has evolved a parallel morphology and ecology to an unrelated species from the C. missioneira species complex (C. celidochilus). The new species is a pelagic predator that feeds predominantly on fishes and together with C. celidochilus is the only known pelagic species in the large riverine genus Crenicichla. The new species is endemic solely to a small tributary (the Urugua-í) of the Middle Paraná River. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny finds the new species nested within the widespread C. mandelburgeri. Reduced genome-representation ddRAD analyses, however, demonstrate that this new species is of a hybrid…

Using a porcine model, we describe Melanoma-Associated CD4+CD8hi T-lymphocytes (MATL) in peripheral blood that increase during melanoma regression. Analysis of sorted cells from regressing pigs revealed a unique MATL subpopulation with mono-specific T-cell receptor that was further analyzed by sequencing. These results indicate that pigs regressing melanomas possess a characteristic population of recirculating T-cells playing a role in tumor control and regression.

Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. We investigated genotypes of RVA isolated from 225 stool specimens collected from Czech patients. The most abundant genotypes were G1P[8] (42.7%), G3P[8] (11.1%), G9P[8] (9.8%), G2P[4] (4.4%), G4P[8] (1.3%), G12P[8] (1.3%), and, surprisingly, G8P[8] (9.3%). This is the first time that bovine–human DS-1-like G8P[8] strains were detected at a high rate in human patients in Central Europe. Whether the emergence of this unusual genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires the continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.

Clostridium diolis DSM 15410 is a type strain of solventogenic clostridium capable of conducting isopropanolbutanol-ethanol fermentation. By studying its growth on different carbohydrates, we verified its ability to utilize glycerol and produce 1,3-propanediol and discovered its ability to produced isopropanol. Complete genome sequencing showed that its genome is a single circular chromosome and belongs to the cluster I (sensu scricto) of the genus Clostridium.

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) carnivore native to North America is a fast spreading, invasive species in the Europe now. The data on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and microsporidia in raccoons is limited to North America’s territory and is totally lacking in the case of their introduction to Europe. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of microparasites in the introduced raccoons. The results suggest a possible role of raccoons in the contamination of the environment, including urban areas, with pathogens of zoonotic significance.